About FASD in Our Community

Compassion, Curiosity, Complexity

What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a spectrum of diagnosable conditions, ranging from the most serious Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), with a range of health conditions such as heart defects and visual and hearing impairments, to the often “hidden” lifelong neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders due to prenatal alcohol exposure.

These can cause more subtle issues such as sensory sensitivities and other functional, social, memory, and communication impairments.

The effects of an FASD, especially when unidentified, significantly increase:

School, behavioral, and learning challenges

The likelihood of mental and health and substance use disorders

Involvement in public safety and our court systems

Vulnerability in unsafe situations and with unsafe people

Alcohol is complicated. Pregnancy is too.

In Hawai’i, just like so many places around the world, alcohol is socially acceptable and legal for adult use.  Alcohol has effects on the entire body for anyone who consumes it, and it isn’t safe at any time, in any amount, during pregnancy.

Because about half of pregnancies in Hawai’i are unplanned, and more than half of child-bearing age women drink pregnancy, the issue is not clear cut.  People consume alcohol for any number of reasons, and simply telling women to “stop” is neither a compassionate nor comprehensive approach.  

FASD is a condition that is not going to just go away. There are unique considerations for each individual and their families. Pregnant, birthing, and parenting people are not the only ones this issue should matter to. Alcohol use and its effects are highly complicated, and in Hawaiʻi we care about everyone in our communities…we don’t leave anyone behind.

How to support each other:
No one drinks to harm their child. Let’s be kind to ourselves and each other and focus on both prevention efforts and supporting special needs. Blame and shame don’t help us move forward.

FASD informed-approaches and interventions can be tried even before a formal diagnosis is made. It’s okay to wonder about how to help. Asking curious and kind questions is a good way to learn.

Many of our social, education, and public health systems in Hawaiʻi are just learning about prevalence and how complex FASD is. It will take time and a community effort to involve all the right people and systems.


A person with an FASD may:

Not know about FASD

  • Some effects of alcohol exposure in utero are not immediately diagnosed, or even observable. Long-term neurological effects may only be noticed later on in life.


Struggle with Memory

  • Memory is a common issue for people on the spectrum of fetal alcohol disorders. Other issues can include impulsivity, difficulty understanding directions, or reading social cues. These issues, if not properly supported, can compound and create more complex problems.


Need Extra Social Supports

  • People with brain-based neurodevelopmental disabilities might not have existing supports or services in place. There may be a need for special advocacy for supports that are RIGHT for each person, and can last throughout the lifespan.


Benefit from Strengths

  • Based Approaches-people with an FASD can have unique brains, and that can come in a lot of wonderful forms. Exploring all kinds of strengths, such as creative expression, can be an important focus in informed-approaches and the development of the right supports. Remember, neurodiversity IS diversity!

ADVOCACY

If you are a provider, a parent, a loved one, a person living with an FASD, or a kind and curious advocate, keep seeking information and support. All voices are needed to improve outcomes for everyone!
Tell a friend, talk to your doctor, ask a teacher or a social worker, call your legislator…EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW.

Let’s learn together!

I just found out I am pregnant. I have stopped drinking now, but I was drinking in the first few weeks of my pregnancy, before I knew I was pregnant. What should I do now?

It’s completely normal to feel worried if you drank before knowing you were pregnant. The important thing is that you’ve stopped now. While early alcohol exposure can carry risks, stopping alcohol for the rest of your pregnancy is the best step you can take for your baby’s health. Make sure to attend prenatal care appointments and talk openly with your healthcare provider—they are there to support you, not judge.

A “standard drink” contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol, and it doesn’t matter if it comes from beer, wine, wine coolers, or spirits. Even small amounts can affect a developing baby, so the safest choice is to avoid all alcohol.

No amount of alcohol has been proven safe during pregnancy. Even occasional or small drinks can affect your baby’s brain and development. Choosing not to drink is the most supportive choice you can make for your baby’s lifelong health.

Every pregnancy is unique. Even if a previous pregnancy went well, alcohol exposure during this pregnancy could still carry risks. Making the choice to avoid alcohol now gives your baby the best chance to grow and thrive.

Not necessarily. Not all babies exposed to alcohol will develop FASD. But alcohol does increase the risk, and it’s impossible to know who will be affected. Stopping alcohol now helps reduce that risk and supports a healthier pregnancy.

The safest choice is to avoid alcohol while trying to conceive. Alcohol can affect fertility and early development—even before pregnancy is confirmed—so reducing alcohol now can help support a healthy start for your baby.

A father’s drinking does not directly cause FASD, but heavy drinking can affect sperm health and increase the risk of reproductive challenges. Supporting a healthy pregnancy together, including healthy choices for both partners, can make a big difference.